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From 1921 to 1927, archaeologists have found three human remains fossilized teeth outside the "Peking Man" cave. And in 1929, they discovered the skull of Peking Man fossils, and artificial production tools, and the remains for fire usage, as a result, it became the major archaeological discoveries to shock the whole world. In 1930 also found the cavemen fossils and cultural relics in Zhoukoudian site, dating back about 20,000 years ago. But until now, all the fossil specimens of "Peking Man" and Cavemen founded since 1927 got missing due to the followed chaos caused by the war, the incident became the archaeological history and the world's mysteries of the 20th century.

After the founding of New China, the government restored the excavation and research of Zhoukoudian sites, and obtained a lot of valuable information. The archaeologists have excavated more than 40 skull, mandible, teeth and other fossils and plenty of stone, bone and fire usage remains up to now.

Peking Man Cave accumulation of more than 40 meters thick, according to the research of Beijing Man's skeleton, stone, fire usage, archaeologists believe that Peking Man lived in about 700,000 years to 2000,000 years ago. The average brain volume for Beijing Man is 1088 milliliters, their head features than the original, but there is a marked characteristic of modern Mongoloids, male stands about 156 centimeters, female stands about 144 centimeters, their food comes mainly from hunting and gathering. Beijing Man knows that fire protection and fire usage to cook food. The discovery of Beijing Man laid a foundation of research and culture on ancient China human beings.